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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources</span></code> – Resources</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deprecated-functions">Deprecated functions</a></li>
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<section id="module-importlib.resources">
<span id="importlib-resources-resources"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-importlib.resources" title="importlib.resources: Package resource reading, opening, and access"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources</span></code></a> – Resources<a class="headerlink" href="#module-importlib.resources" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.11/Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py">Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.7.</span></p>
</div>
<p>This module leverages Python’s import system to provide access to <em>resources</em>
within <em>packages</em>. If you can import a package, you can access resources
within that package. Resources can be opened or read, in either binary or
text mode.</p>
<p>Resources are roughly akin to files inside directories, though it’s important
to keep in mind that this is just a metaphor. Resources and packages <strong>do
not</strong> have to exist as physical files and directories on the file system:
for example, a package and its resources can be imported from a zip file using
<a class="reference internal" href="zipimport.html#module-zipimport" title="zipimport: Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipimport</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This module provides functionality similar to <a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html">pkg_resources</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#basic-resource-access">Basic
Resource Access</a>
without the performance overhead of that package. This makes reading
resources included in packages easier, with more stable and consistent
semantics.</p>
<p>The standalone backport of this module provides more information
on <a class="reference external" href="https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using.html">using importlib.resources</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/migration.html">migrating from pkg_resources to importlib.resources</a>.</p>
</div>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="importlib.html#importlib.abc.Loader" title="importlib.abc.Loader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Loaders</span></code></a> that wish to support resource reading should implement a
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_resource_reader(fullname)</span></code> method as specified by
<a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.abc.html#importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader" title="importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader</span></code></a>.</p>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.Package">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Package</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.Package" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Whenever a function accepts a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> argument, you can pass in
either a <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#types.ModuleType" title="types.ModuleType"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">module</span> <span class="pre">object</span></code></a> or a module name
as a string. You can only pass module objects whose
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__spec__.submodule_search_locations</span></code> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> type is defined as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Union[str,</span> <span class="pre">ModuleType]</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.files">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">files</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">package</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.files" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.abc.html#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable" title="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Traversable</span></code></a> object
representing the resource container for the package (think directory)
and its resources (think files). A Traversable may contain other
containers (think subdirectories).</p>
<p><em>package</em> is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
<a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.Package" title="importlib.resources.Package"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code></a> requirements.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.9.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.as_file">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">as_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">traversable</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.as_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Given a <a class="reference internal" href="importlib.resources.abc.html#importlib.resources.abc.Traversable" title="importlib.resources.abc.Traversable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Traversable</span></code></a> object representing
a file, typically from <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.files" title="importlib.resources.files"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.files()</span></code></a>, return
a context manager for use in a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement.
The context manager provides a <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.Path" title="pathlib.Path"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib.Path</span></code></a> object.</p>
<p>Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the
resource was extracted from e.g. a zip file.</p>
<p>Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_file</span></code> when the Traversable methods
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read_text</span></code>, etc) are insufficient and an actual file on
the file system is required.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.9.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="deprecated-functions">
<h1>Deprecated functions<a class="headerlink" href="#deprecated-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>An older, deprecated set of functions is still available, but is
scheduled for removal in a future version of Python.
The main drawback of these functions is that they do not support
directories: they assume all resources are located directly within a <em>package</em>.</p>
<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.Resource">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Resource</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.Resource" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>For <em>resource</em> arguments of the functions below, you can pass in
the name of a resource as a string or
a <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.PathLike" title="os.PathLike"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">path-like</span> <span class="pre">object</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Resource</span></code> type is defined as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Union[str,</span> <span class="pre">os.PathLike]</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.open_binary">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_binary</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">package</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.open_binary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open for binary reading the <em>resource</em> within <em>package</em>.</p>
<p><em>package</em> is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> requirements. <em>resource</em> is the name of the resource to open
within <em>package</em>; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns a
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing.BinaryIO</span></code> instance, a binary I/O stream open for reading.</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.11: </span>Calls to this function can be replaced by:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">package</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resource</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'rb'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.open_text">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_text</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">package</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">errors</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'strict'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.open_text" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open for text reading the <em>resource</em> within <em>package</em>. By default, the
resource is opened for reading as UTF-8.</p>
<p><em>package</em> is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> requirements. <em>resource</em> is the name of the resource to open
within <em>package</em>; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). <em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em>
have the same meaning as with built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>This function returns a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typing.TextIO</span></code> instance, a text I/O stream open
for reading.</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.11: </span>Calls to this function can be replaced by:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">package</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resource</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'r'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.read_binary">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_binary</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">package</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.read_binary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Read and return the contents of the <em>resource</em> within <em>package</em> as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code>.</p>
<p><em>package</em> is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> requirements. <em>resource</em> is the name of the resource to open
within <em>package</em>; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns the
contents of the resource as <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.11: </span>Calls to this function can be replaced by:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">package</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resource</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_bytes</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.read_text">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read_text</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">package</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'utf-8'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">errors</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'strict'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.read_text" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Read and return the contents of <em>resource</em> within <em>package</em> as a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code>.
By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.</p>
<p><em>package</em> is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> requirements. <em>resource</em> is the name of the resource to open
within <em>package</em>; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). <em>encoding</em> and <em>errors</em>
have the same meaning as with built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>. This function
returns the contents of the resource as <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.11: </span>Calls to this function can be replaced by:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">package</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resource</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.path">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">path</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">package</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">resource</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.path" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the path to the <em>resource</em> as an actual file system path. This
function returns a context manager for use in a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement.
The context manager provides a <a class="reference internal" href="pathlib.html#pathlib.Path" title="pathlib.Path"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pathlib.Path</span></code></a> object.</p>
<p>Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the
resource needs to be extracted from e.g. a zip file.</p>
<p><em>package</em> is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> requirements. <em>resource</em> is the name of the resource to open
within <em>package</em>; it may not contain path separators and it may not have
sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.11: </span>Calls to this function can be replaced using <a class="reference internal" href="#importlib.resources.as_file" title="importlib.resources.as_file"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_file()</span></code></a>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">as_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">package</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resource</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.is_resource">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_resource</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">package</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.is_resource" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if there is a resource named <em>name</em> in the package,
otherwise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.
This function does not consider directories to be resources.
<em>package</em> is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> requirements.</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.11: </span>Calls to this function can be replaced by:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">package</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">joinpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resource</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_file</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="importlib.resources.contents">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">importlib.resources.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">contents</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">package</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#importlib.resources.contents" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return an iterable over the named items within the package. The iterable
returns <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> resources (e.g. files) and non-resources
(e.g. directories). The iterable does not recurse into subdirectories.</p>
<p><em>package</em> is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Package</span></code> requirements.</p>
<div class="deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.11: </span>Calls to this function can be replaced by:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resource</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">resource</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">package</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">iterdir</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">resource</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_file</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
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